How do carbomers function in cosmetics?

Carbomers primarily function as thickeners in cosmetic formulations. They are synthetic high molecular weight polymers of acrylic acid that are well-regarded for their ability to increase the viscosity of products. By enhancing the thickness of creams, lotions, and gels, carbomers improve the texture and stability of formulations, allowing them to spread more easily on the skin and provide a desirable sensory experience.

In addition to their thickening properties, carbomers can stabilize emulsions, but that is a secondary function primarily reliant on their role in viscosity control. They do not act as preservatives or colorants; thus, while they may help extend shelf life indirectly by maintaining product integrity through improved viscosity, they do not perform the function of stopping microbial growth, nor do they add color to products. Their primary application remains in creating a pleasing, consistent, and effective texture in a wide range of cosmetic products.